租用 Nvidia RTX 4090.

The grid above lists every open-weights model with a recommended GPU configuration for this card. Each row tells you the minimum GPU count and the quantization level (FP16, FP8, INT8, INT4) needed to load the model in 24GB of VRAM.

Rule of thumb: a model needs roughly (parameters × bytes-per-weight × 1.2) of VRAM to load, plus headroom for the KV cache during inference. FP16 = 2 bytes/weight, FP8/INT8 = 1 byte, INT4 = 0.5 bytes. A 70B model at FP16 needs ~168GB; at INT4 it drops to ~42GB and fits a single high-VRAM card.

Lower-precision quantization shrinks the memory footprint nearly linearly with the bit count. The trade-off is output quality: FP16 is the reference, FP8 is usually indistinguishable for most prompts, INT8 introduces small quality losses, INT4 is noticeably degraded on reasoning-heavy tasks but fine for chat. The badge on each row tells you which level the recommendation assumes.

Fine-tuning needs 4–8× more VRAM than inference at the same model size — gradients, optimizer state, and activations all live in memory. LoRA / QLoRA cut that overhead dramatically (often 4–10×). The notes column flags whether a row is an inference-only recommendation or includes a fine-tuning path.

We curate them from official model cards, community benchmark threads (r/LocalLLaMA, HuggingFace forum), and known-good configurations published by the model makers. Each recommendation has been verified to load at the stated quantization on the listed GPU count — though throughput and context-length still vary by workload.